Laravel Beginner Guide

$ composer create-project laravel/laravel taskapp
Creating a "laravel/laravel" project at "./taskapp"
Installing laravel/laravel (v13.10.1)
  - Installing laravel/laravel (v13.10.1): Extracting archive
Created project in ~/taskapp
⋯ 246 lines of package downloads ⋯

No security vulnerability advisories found.
> @php artisan key:generate --ansi

   INFO  Application key set successfully.  

> @php -r "file_exists('database/database.sqlite') || touch('database/database.sqlite');"
> @php artisan migrate --graceful --ansi

   INFO  Preparing database.  

  Creating migration table ................................................. 5.71ms DONE

   INFO  Running migrations.  

  0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table ..................................... 1.95ms DONE
  0001_01_01_000001_create_cache_table ..................................... 1.11ms DONE
  0001_01_01_000002_create_jobs_table ...................................... 1.66ms DONE

$ cd taskapp && php artisan --version
Laravel Framework 13.34.0

The package list in the middle is collapsed. Folder paths are shortened to ~.รายการแพ็กเกจตรงกลางถูกย่อไว้ พาธโฟลเดอร์ถูกย่อเป็น ~

$ php artisan serve
   INFO  Server running on [http://127.0.0.1:8000].  

  Press Ctrl+C to stop the server

  2026-10-05 22:15:28 / ...................................................... ~ 0.07ms

$ curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code} %{content_type}\n" http://127.0.0.1:8000/
200 text/html; charset=utf-8

$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/Mya
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Cache-Control: no-cache, private

Hello, Mya!

$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8000/about
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, private
Content-Type: application/json

{"app":"Task list","version":1}

$ curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello
404

$ php artisan route:list --except-vendor
  GET|HEAD       / .................................................... routes/web.php:5
  GET|HEAD       about ............................................... routes/web.php:13
  GET|HEAD       hello/{name} ......................................... routes/web.php:9

                                                                      Showing [3] routes

Cookie, date and server headers are left out of the -i output. /hello without a name gives 404: the {name} part is required. route:list shows every route and the file and line that defines it.ส่วนหัวคุกกี้ วันที่ และเซิร์ฟเวอร์ ถูกตัดออกจากผลลัพธ์ของ -i ส่วน /hello ที่ไม่มีชื่อได้ 404 เพราะ {name} เป็นส่วนที่ต้องมี route:list แสดง route ทั้งหมดพร้อมไฟล์และบรรทัดที่ประกาศ

$ php artisan make:model Task -mf
   INFO  Model [app/Models/Task.php] created successfully.  

   INFO  Factory [database/factories/TaskFactory.php] created successfully.  

   INFO  Migration [database/migrations/2026_10_05_151537_create_tasks_table.php] created successfully.  

$ php artisan migrate
   INFO  Running migrations.  

  2026_10_05_151537_create_tasks_table ..................................... 1.84ms DONE

$ php artisan tinker --execute="\$task = App\Models\Task::create(['title' => 'Learn routes']); echo \$task->toJson(JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);"
{
    "title": "Learn routes",
    "updated_at": "2026-10-05T15:15:45.000000Z",
    "created_at": "2026-10-05T15:15:45.000000Z",
    "id": 1
}

done is missing because the database filled in its default; the object in memory never saw it. $task->fresh() would reload the row.done ไม่อยู่ใน JSON เพราะฐานข้อมูลเป็นคนใส่ค่าเริ่มต้น ออบเจกต์ในหน่วยความจำจึงไม่รู้ $task->fresh() จะโหลดแถวนั้นใหม่

$ php artisan tinker --execute="$(cat tinker-query.php)"
3 tasks
2 not done
["Write a migration","Try Tinker"]

$ php artisan make:controller TaskController
   INFO  Controller [app/Http/Controllers/TaskController.php] created successfully.  

$ curl -s -c jar.txt http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks
<!doctype html>
<title>Tasks</title>
<h1>Tasks (3)</h1>

<form method="POST" action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks">
    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="Yl0fPufZEHnlurrnz4nYELvjbSdJpzCF7Lgix6mv" autocomplete="off">    <input name="title" placeholder="New task">
    <button>Add</button>
</form>

<ul>
            <li>
            <form method="POST" action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks/2">
                <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="Yl0fPufZEHnlurrnz4nYELvjbSdJpzCF7Lgix6mv" autocomplete="off">                <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PATCH">                <button>[ ]</button>
                Write a migration
            </form>
        </li>
            <li>
            <form method="POST" action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks/3">
                <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="Yl0fPufZEHnlurrnz4nYELvjbSdJpzCF7Lgix6mv" autocomplete="off">                <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PATCH">                <button>[ ]</button>
                Try Tinker
            </form>
        </li>
            <li>
            <form method="POST" action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks/1">
                <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="Yl0fPufZEHnlurrnz4nYELvjbSdJpzCF7Lgix6mv" autocomplete="off">                <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PATCH">                <button>[x]</button>
                Learn routes
            </form>
        </li>
    </ul>

$ curl -si -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" -d "title=Style the page" http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | grep -i "^HTTP\|^location"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks

$ curl -si -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" -d "_method=PATCH" http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks/2 | grep -i "^HTTP\|^location"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks

$ curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" -d "title=" http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks
500

$ grep -o "SQLSTATE[^(]*" storage/logs/laravel.log | head -1
SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 19 NOT NULL constraint failed: tasks.title 

$ curl -si -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" -d "title=" http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | grep -i "^HTTP\|^location"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks

$ curl -s -b jar.txt -c jar.txt http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | sed -n '1,12p'
<!doctype html>
<title>Tasks</title>
<h1>Tasks (4)</h1>


<form method="POST" action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks">
    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="syhvKtkw4XgOGtEs0t1svQonuivpjDOAWMMyP7C7" autocomplete="off">    <input name="title" value="" placeholder="New task">
    <button>Add</button>
            <p class="error">The title field is required.</p>
    </form>

<ul>

$ curl -s -o /dev/null -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" -d "title=$LONG" http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks

$ curl -s -b jar.txt -c jar.txt http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | grep "error"
            <p class="error">The title field must not be greater than 100 characters.</p>

$ curl -si -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" -d "title=Add validation" http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | grep -i "^HTTP\|^location"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks

$ curl -s -b jar.txt -c jar.txt http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | sed -n '1,8p'
<!doctype html>
<title>Tasks</title>
<h1>Tasks (5)</h1>

    <p class="status">Task added.</p>

<form method="POST" action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks">
    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="syhvKtkw4XgOGtEs0t1svQonuivpjDOAWMMyP7C7" autocomplete="off">    <input name="title" value="" placeholder="New task">

$ curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" -b jar.txt -c jar.txt -X POST -d "_token=$TOKEN" --data-urlencode "title=   " http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks
302

$ curl -s -b jar.txt -c jar.txt http://127.0.0.1:8000/tasks | grep -E "error|<h1>"
<h1>Tasks (5)</h1>
            <p class="error">The title field is required.</p>

$LONG is 101 letters. The last two requests send a title of three spaces. It fails required too, because Laravel trims every input and then turns empty strings into null, so the count stays at 5.$LONG คือตัวอักษร 101 ตัว สองคำขอสุดท้ายส่งชื่องานที่เป็นช่องว่างสามตัว ซึ่งก็ไม่ผ่าน required เช่นกัน เพราะ Laravel ตัดช่องว่างของทุกค่าที่ส่งมา แล้วแปลงข้อความว่างเป็น null จำนวนงานจึงยังเป็น 5

$ php artisan make:test TaskTest
   INFO  Test [tests/Feature/TaskTest.php] created successfully.  

$ php artisan test
   PASS  Tests\Unit\ExampleTest
  ✓ that true is true

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ExampleTest
  ✓ the application returns a successful response                                  0.06s  

   FAIL  Tests\Feature\TaskTest
  ✓ the list shows tasks                                                           0.05s  
  ✓ a task can be created                                                          0.01s  
  ✓ the title is required
  ✓ a task can be marked done
  ⨯ a task can be deleted                                                          0.07s  
  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────  
   FAILED  Tests\Feature\TaskTest > a task can be deleted                                 
  Expected response status code [201, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308] but received 405.
Failed asserting that false is true.

  at tests/Feature/TaskTest.php:54
     50▕         $task = Task::factory()->create();
     51▕ 
     52▕         $response = $this->delete("/tasks/{$task->id}");
     53▕ 
  ➜  54▕         $response->assertRedirect('/tasks');
     55▕         $this->assertModelMissing($task);
     56▕     }
     57▕ }
     58▕


  Tests:    1 failed, 6 passed (12 assertions)
  Duration: 0.35s

405 means "the URL exists, but not for this method": /tasks/{task} only answers PATCH so far.405 หมายถึง "URL นี้มีอยู่ แต่ไม่รับ method นี้" ตอนนี้ /tasks/{task} รับเฉพาะ PATCH

$ php artisan test
   PASS  Tests\Unit\ExampleTest
  ✓ that true is true

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ExampleTest
  ✓ the application returns a successful response                                  0.06s  

   PASS  Tests\Feature\TaskTest
  ✓ the list shows tasks                                                           0.05s  
  ✓ a task can be created                                                          0.01s  
  ✓ the title is required                                                          0.01s  
  ✓ a task can be marked done
  ✓ a task can be deleted

  Tests:    7 passed (14 assertions)
  Duration: 0.26s

$ php artisan test --filter=deleted
   PASS  Tests\Feature\TaskTest
  ✓ a task can be deleted                                                          0.11s  

  Tests:    1 passed (3 assertions)
  Duration: 0.15s

7 tests: the 5 task tests plus the 2 examples that come with Laravel. --filter runs only the tests whose names match.7 เทสต์ คือเทสต์ของ tasks 5 ตัว รวมกับเทสต์ตัวอย่าง 2 ตัวที่มากับ Laravel ส่วน --filter รันเฉพาะเทสต์ที่ชื่อตรงกัน

$ php artisan test
   PASS  Tests\Unit\ExampleTest
  ✓ that true is true

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ExampleTest
  ✓ the application returns a successful response                                  0.07s  

   PASS  Tests\Feature\TaskTest
  ✓ the list shows tasks                                                           0.04s  
  ✓ a task can be created                                                          0.01s  
  ✓ the title is required
  ✓ a task can be marked done
  ✓ a task can be deleted
  ✓ titles must be unique
  ✓ the heading counts done tasks
  ✓ completed tasks can be cleared

  Tests:    10 passed (21 assertions)
  Duration: 0.28s